一、术以前正要
Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
动手疗程之以前为了确保染患者份的安全有许多临时工要动手。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并记录生命体征。将任何异常可能会告知眼科医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有角化，例如、假肢以及牙刷都可不当剃。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师可能才会希望让症状戴着牙刷，所以医生只能咨询师的促请。3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，症状只能都是指甲油并卸妆。这样才会让眼科医生更容易辨认染患者是否患有驼背染病。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination驼背染病多半表明症状并不必需要输氧。还可不当剃发夹等发饰，以免造成感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿移走小肠。小肠内充满尿液可能才会在疗程过程里面受到破坏。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术以前症状必需用到灌肠剂移走大肠，小疗程除外。这才会避免很多术后患症状状。还可以避免感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂多半在症状踏入疗程室以前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让过程展开地更容易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后可不当字词安慰症状踏入某种原因。疗程室内有时可以准许症状的一位家属陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，症状的染病历表可不当带入疗程室，并且表格并不必需要完整。上面只能还包括所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份收据的疗程许可证等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.手脚性原和所必需抑制剂，如胰岛素，也可不在表格里面指明。Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.
劳驾，王医生。我想去寝室。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不能去寝室。代为你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上从前呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.疗程之以前几天你是不准许下床的。所以你只能学者用到便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我没用。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进疗程室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.非常少八点。我才会在七点叫醒你然后从你的鼻孔里面放于入一根胃管。Could you tell me why?
你能去找我为什么要放于胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.疗程后第二、三天我们并不必需要通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被带到这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.非常少下午即刻。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解我疗程的进展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她才会在坐车室。疗程一落幕我们才会便告知她。He you signed the consent?你在同意书上签定了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。疗程以前我可不当动手什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们才会给你剃须动手清洁。然后你要洗个澡。早餐你要爱吃一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我去找他了。疗程才会很疼吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，疗程过程里面你不才会感受到任何眼部。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.疗程后你醒来的时候就已经在染病房了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你可能才会觉得有一点疼并昏昏沉沉。如果眼部难忍的话我们才会给你注射一些减轻眼部的抑制剂。Thank you.明天你 二、疗程里面Operator, put me through to the operating room please.
话务员，代为找来我接疗程室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目以前占有线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.疗程室May I speak to the head nurse?能代为医生长接电话机吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?
不得了，我是医生长。有什么可以找来您？What's going on in the operation room right now?疗程室里面目以前是什么可能会。I he an emergency case coming in.我便有一个紧急染发生率。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王眼科医生的急性感冒疗程动手必要正要。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时以前接收了一个严重肋骨骨折的染患者。他并不必需要立即给与横膈膜疗程。你们找来我仍要紧急疗程吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我便动手必要正要。一切正要完毕之以前我给你接听机。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话机。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。代为去找医生血库才会给我们3或4该单位的B型血供疗程用到。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我并不必需要动手手脚，并不必需要一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我便告知王眼科医生。Thank you.明天你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.症状还在送医状态，多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他给与了什么疗程？A chest operation.横膈膜疗程。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么抑制剂手脚性吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶手脚性。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?疗程里面他失血很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他失血400ml。我们给他输了2该单位的红细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他输其他液体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%的蒸馏水。 四、疗程后住院与保健After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.
疗程之以前，外科染患者多半并不必需要提高保健。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里面有一些可能。当然，也才会有一些常见问题显现出。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些问题是可以注定的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.疗程之以前并不必需要对染患者展开血流力学家庭教育。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.染患者的很多症状与整体的临床问题相关。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些染患者才会显现出术里面溃疡或术后感染。It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.
这才会造成疗程后染病情恶化平衡下来不平衡。因此染患者并不必需要之外看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种可能会在送医疗程染患者身上更为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果染患者突然代谢肥胖，并不必需要将其送至重症提高保健染病房。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及致命性创伤症状还才会显现溃疡流力学不平衡。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很可能才会显现出急性炎症化学反可不，这是由严重颈部或者软组织伤势归因于。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果显现出低血容量性休克，这表明骨折严重。有时并不必需要对染患者展开输血来补充其体内血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.染患者的生理变化偶尔也才会并不必需要之外家庭教育。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非创伤性疾染病的送医症状的染症状与肠穿孔连续性或肠坏死有关，那么症状整个机体可能才会受其不良影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些不良影响才会分别造成各个器官的系统性炎症化学反可不。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效病人，症状可能显现出多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，重症加护染病房的症状大部分是外科疗程症状。 五、术后平衡下来Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.
王眼科医生，我这里很疼。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止疼药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?现在好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.庆幸，以致于你现在不可以喝水。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上蘸一些水找来你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?明天。我什么时候可以喝水？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.并不必需要等你的肠鸣音和咽反射平衡下来之以前才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以爱吃好像了吗？I'm afraid you can't.以致于不来。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以爱吃好像？You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.
疗程一天之以前你可以爱吃一些流食。然后你自然而然可以爱吃软食，疗程四天之以前就可以正常用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无无味或者不才会造成气体产生的液体为主，例如黄酒、咖啡、去除饮品、蔬菜汁和无脂鸡汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食还包括鸡汤、猪肉、非鸡肉鸡蛋、熟、土豆、豆沙等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我可不当避免爱吃哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的早餐、过多的巴拉酱料酱料、鸡肉饮品、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么并不必需要之外注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明天你并不必需要动手一些颤动练习。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.颤动练习可以卫生保健颤动系统并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己动手练习吗，还是你才会志工我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我才会找来你，给你提一些促请。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你现在可以去找我怎样动手吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住疗程切口，深颤动然后咳嗽。我才会把你的床头升高一些。I see.我去找他了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你觉得有什么患病的话代为按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我才会的，明天你。相关新闻
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